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Saturday 31 January 2015

Commonly misspelt words in English

There are many words with confusing spellings in English. This is due to the different spellings in American and British (Australian) English language.

Words Ending with -ize and - ise
American English uses the form - Organization while British English uses Organisation.
  1. Realize (realise)
  2. Recognize (recognise).
But below words use one -ise form.
  1. Surprise
  2. Improvise
  3. Advertise
Words Ending with -yze and - yse
American English uses the form - yze while British English uses -yse form.
For example -
  1. Analyze (Analyse)
  2. Catalyze (Catalyse)
  3. Paralyze (Paralyse)
Words Ending with -or and -our
American English uses the form -or while British English uses -our form.
For example -
  1. Color (Colour)
  2. Behavior (Behaviour)
  3. Favor (Favour)
  4. Labor (Labour)
  5. Laborer (Labourer)
  6. Honor (Honour)
  7. Humor (Humour)

If you want to know more such words in English, you can visit the link stating differences between American and British English.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

English words related to house and interior

Here is the long list of words pertaining to the house.

  1. AC - Air Conditioner - Used to maintain the air in the room warm or cold as per the need
  2. Basement - It is the area of building where parking space is available under ground
  3. Bathroom - used to take a shower or bath
  4. Bathtub - used to lay in the tub while taking a bath
  5. Bedroom - room where people go to sleep
  6. Broom - House appliance used to sweep or clean the floor and wall
  7. Dust Bin - Trash Can - Garbage is dumped in dust bin temporarily.
  8. Carpet - Kind of thick cloth used to cover the floor
  9. Ceiling Fan - Fan fitted to the ceiling 
  10. Floor - walking area of room
  11. Table Fan - Fan that rests on the table or floor
  12. Window Grills - metal rods built inside the frame of the window.
  13. Chimney - used to exhaust the cooking smoke out of the room
  14. Exhaust Fan - Purpose is same as Chimney
  15. Washing machine - Used to wash and dry the cloths
  16. Column - Pillar used to support the higher floors of the building.
  17. Cupboard - used to keep cloths, documents 
  18. Curtains - Drapes - used to reduce the amount of sunlight entering the room.
  19. Window - Used for ventilation purpose
  20. Dining room - the area in the room where people gather for having food.
  21. Dish washer - The sink used to wash the soiled plates and utensils
  22. Wash Basin - Sink - used to wash the hands
  23. Refrigerator - used to keep the food items in cool place
  24. Shelf - used to keep books or utensils
  25. Door - used to prevent the unwanted people entering the house as a part of security
  26. Doorbell - It is fitted near the entrance of the house to alert the people inside house to open the door.
  27. Doorknob - Handle fitted on the door to open the door easily with grip.
  28. Door eye  - Fitted at eye level on the door to view who is standing near entrance outside of the house.
  29. Entrance  - the area or main door through which we enter the house.
  30. Drawing Room - rest room where family gathers to hold discussion or watch TV
  31. Sofa - furniture like couch used for seating 
  32. Fence - Compound wall around house or building
  33. Furniture - Beds, chair, sofas, beds used for seating or sleeping
  34. Fuse box - Main electrical point powering light in your house
  35. Garage - area where cars are parked and repaired.
  36. Fire Extinguisher - the tool used to douse the fire
  37. Garden Shed - the structure erected in the garden for seating
  38. Gate - structure near the main entry of the building. It acts like a barrier.
  39. Heater - Used to heat the water to make it warmer.
  40. Hinge - metallic object used to fit the door in the frame 
  41. Door frame - Outer rods of the door.
  42. Kitchen - the area where cooking is done.
  43. Knife - part of cutlery used to cut the vegetables or fruits
  44. Gas Stove - Utensil used to heat the pots while cooking.
  45. Gas cylinder - Used to supply gas to the gas stove.
  46. Ladder - the home appliance used to reach to the higher area like shelves 
  47. Lamp - used to spread the light in the room
  48. Laundry - area where cloths and linens are washed
  49. lock - Used to close the door securely to prevent thefts.
  50. loft or terrace - open space that extends from the main room.
  51. Flower pots - Vase - used for decoration purpose in the hall.
  52. Mailbox - used to store the mails outside of the house.
  53. Mirror - used to check that we have dressed well and looking good with reflective image.
  54. Mop - used to wash and clean the floor.
  55. Plumbing
  56. Pantry
  57. Porch and portico - extended structure of the building 
  58. Hand Rails
  59. Roof
  60. Room
  61. Shingle
  62. Shower
  63. Shutter
  64. Stairs
  65. Stoop - Small stairs leading to entrance of house
  66. Yard 
  67. Threshhold
  68. Throw rug
  69. Toilet
  70. Vacuum Cleaner
  71. Vent
  72. Venetian blinds
  73. Wall
  74. Water Heater
  75. Window Sill
  76. awning
  77. Baluster
  78. Bunk Bed
  79. Carport - Parking shade for car - Garage
  80. Closet - Furniture with small compartments to store things
  81. Crib - Bed with high sides for small baby up to 2 years of age.
  82. Dormers - Structure of the building that comes out of the sloping roof.
  83. Downspout - Gutter - Pipe meant to carry excess water from the roof or terrace of the building. Also called as waterspout, down pipe or Drain pout. 
  84. Drain pipe - Duct - Pipe originating at sink or wash basin to carry the waste water.
  85. Driveway - road or route meant for driving a car
  86. Walkway - road or route meant for walking
  87. Entryway - way leading into the house
  88. Dustpan - Cleaning utensil used along with broom to carry waste or garbage.
  89. Eaves - Edges of the roof that extend beyond the wall of the building
  90. Electrical Outlet - Electrical box meant to supply electricity through plugs
  91. Tap - Valve - Faucet - used to release the water
  92. Fence - compound for the building
  93. Fuse box - Main electric point 
  94. Gable - Triangular portion of the wall meeting sloping sides of roof.
  95. Hamper - Basket with handle used to store food, cutlery 
  96. Utensils - knives, forks, pots, vessels, spoons, toothpick, jar, frying pan
  97. Tongs - utensil used to grip and pick up the food items
  98. Tea-kettle
  99. Glass - pot used to carry water.
  100. Plate, Bowl, pie cutter
  101. Funnel
  102. Ladle - Serving spoon
  103. Grinder
  104. Mixer
  105. Rolling pin - used to make roti
  106. Salt Shaker
  107. Scissors
  108. Scoop - used to serve ice-cream
  109. Sieve - sifter - used to filter the liquids like tea, fruit juice
  110. Spider - used to take out solid food items from the liquid
  111. Chopsticks
  112. Skewer  - thin rod used to bake food with barbecue
  113. lawnmower - Grass cutting machine
  114. Newel - pole that supports hand rail or spiral stair case rail
  115. amphitheater
  116. assembly hall
  117. bungalow
  118. cabin
  119. meeting room
  120. gallery, terrace
  121. roof
  122. floor
  123. dome
  124. pantry
  125. tower - high rise - skyscraper
  126. storehouse - warehouse
What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

English words related to various professionals


In this article, we are going to have a look at some of the important occupations or professions.
  1. Archaeologists - Experts who study human past things based on things left behind
  2. Historian - Experts who study history 
  3. Mathematician - Experts who work on mathematical problems
  4. Philosopher - Person who studies philosophy
  5. Geographer - Experts who study geography and environment
  6. Biologist - Experts who study living things 
  7. Physician - Doctor who diagnose and treat the patients
  8. Paleontologist - Experts who study of fossil remains
  9. Veterinarian - Doctors of Animals
  10. Software Engineers - Experts who can develop and test the software
  11. Web Designers - Engineers who can design the web sites
  12. Software Programmers - Experts who can develop software programs
  13. Astronomer - Scientists who study planets, moon, sun, stars
  14. Chemists - Expert who studies chemistry
  15. Geologists - Experts who study Geology
  16. Meteorologists - People who study meteorology and atmosphere
  17. Airplane pilots - Experts who fly air planes
  18. Ship Captains - Experts who sail the ships
  19. Fire fighters - Experts who douse the fires
  20. Carpenters - Experts who can make furniture
  21. Electrician - Experts who work in electrical things
  22. Plumber - Experts who work in fittings 
  23. Cops - Policemen
  24. Social Worker - People who work for the welfare of the society.
  25. Politician - People who engage themselves in political activities.
  26. Accountant - Experts who deal with accounting and tax field.
  27. Farmer - People who work in farm and grow crops
  28. Journalist - People who write for the newspapers and news channels.
  29. Advocate - Lawyers who work in law system
  30. Architect - Experts who design and plan building or infrastructure like roads, bridges etc
  31. Press Reporter - People who cover various news for news channel.
  32. Actor - Person who acts in films and TV shows
  33. Musician - Person who composes music
  34. Singer - Person who sings songs
  35. Choreographer - Person who instructs the dancing steps.
  36. Dancer - Person who dances 
  37. Teacher - Person who teaches in schools, colleges

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

English Words related to doctors

In this article, we will have a look at different English words related to doctors.
Take a look.

  1. ENT specialist - Ear, Nose, Throat specialist
  2. Gynaecologist - Doctor for Woman illnesses
  3. Paediatrician - Doctor for children
  4. Dermatologist - Doctor specialized in Skin diseases.
  5. Opthalmologist - Doctor for eye disorders
  6. Orthopaedist - Doctors expert in Bones and joint related injuries 
  7. Cardiologist - Doctors specialized in Heart related malfunctions
  8. Neurologist - Doctors expert in Nerve and branches injuries.
  9. Psychologist - Doctors expert in human nature 
  10. Dentist - Doctor specialized in teeth related malfunctions.
  11. Gerontologist - Doctors expert in elderly health issues
  12. Anesthesiologist - Doctors specialized in anesthesia
  13. Cosmetologist - Doctors trained in beauty 
  14. Gastroenterologist - Doctors trained in digestive system
  15. Nutritionist - Doctors specialized in food and nutrition.
  16. Dietitian - Doctors expert in dietetics.
  17. Oncologist - Doctors expert in Tumors.
  18. Radiologist - Doctors using imaging like X-rays to diagnose and treat diseases.
  19. Rheumatologist - Doctors trained in arthritis and related disorders.
  20. Pathologist - Doctor expert in diagnosing of the illness using lab results.


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Friday 30 January 2015

English Words related to phobias.

Phobia means fear of something. There are many words in English related to different types of Phobias.

  1. Androphobia - Fear of Males
  2. Anemophobia - Fear of Wind
  3. Bathophobia - Fear of deepness
  4. Cynophobia - Fear of dogs
  5. Gamophobia - Fear of wedding
  6. Gynaephobia - Fear of women
  7. Hydrophobia - Fear of Water
  8. Hodophobia - Fear of journey
  9. Hypnophobia - Fear of sleep. (Somniphobia)
  10. Kleptophobia - Fear of theft
  11. Logophobia  - Fear of words
  12. Nyctophobia - Fear of Darkness
  13. Ophidiophobia - Horror of snakes
  14. Ochlophobia - Horror of Crowds
  15. Peniophobia - Fear of poverty
  16. Pyrophobia - Fear of Fire
  17. Phasmophobia - Fear of Ghosts
  18. Pharmacophobia - Fear of medicine
  19. Sceleophobia - Fear of burglars.
  20. Thanatophobia - Fear of demise
  21. Toxicophobia - Fear of poison
  22. Zoophobia - Fear of animals.


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Words related to killing of people in English

There are many words in English that are used to describe the killing or murders.
Let's have a look.

  1. Suicide - Killing of self
  2. Uxoricide - Murder of one's own wife
  3. Sororicide - Killing of one's own sister.
  4. Fratricide - Assassination of one's own brother
  5. Patricide - Killing of one's own Father
  6. Matricide - Killing of one's own Mother
  7. Parricide - killing of one's own parents
  8. Nepoticide - Killing of one's own nephew
  9. Filicide - killing of one's own son or daughter (Kind of Prolicide)
  10. Avunculicide - Killing of one's own uncle
  11. Mariticide - Killing of one's own partner.
  12. Homicide - Murder of any person
  13. Infanticide - Killing of a infant.
  14. Genocide - Killing of specific group of people bound by religion, caste etc.
  15. Regicide - Killing of king
  16. Familicide - killing of all members of family.
  17. Senicide  - killing of old people in the family to avoid taking care of them.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Manias in English

Mania means obsession with something or great desire or passion to do something.
Below is the list of various manias. Below list is not comprehensive but will definitely help you get used to some of the words related to Manias.

  1. Kleptomania - Desire or obsession to steal something
  2. Monomania -   obsessed with single thought
  3. Xenomania - Passion to have foreign things
  4. Trichotillomania - Pulling one's own hairs
  5. Pyromania - Obsession of fire 
  6. Technomania - Craze for technologies
  7. Politicomania - Obsession of political things
  8. Photomania - Excessive affinity of light
  9. Phonomania - Obsession to kill people.
  10. Phagomania - desire to have excessive food.
  11. Mythomania - Excessive desire of lying
  12. Musomania - great fond of music
  13. Hydromania - huge affinity towards water
  14. Egomania - filled with excessive ego
  15. Arithomania - desire for mathematical calculations

We can use the word mania to express passion to do or have something. For example - If you like to spend lot of time on Facebook, you may be called to have mania for Facebook.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Monday 26 January 2015

Proverbs in English

Proverbs are used to convey the message in a better way.

For example - Sometimes we get swayed by the outer beauty of the stuff like clothes, book cover etc. But the quality of the book content or of the clothes may be very poor. To convey this message, we can use below proverb.

"All that glitters is not gold."

Here is the list of other proverbs that are very popular in English Language.

1. All that glitters is not gold.
2. As you sow, so shall you reap.
3. Barking dog seldom bites.
4. Necessity is the mother of invention.
5. Failures are the pillars of success.
6. Time is money.
7. Knowledge is power.
8. Laughter is the best medicine.
9. Where is a will, there is a way.
10. Walk the talk.
11. Sweet words cost nothing but do everything.


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Understanding IELTS Score Card

IELTS scores are given in the form of Band from 1 - 9.

Higher band means you have an excellent command over English Language. You can view the meaning of each band on British Council Website.

Please note below points pertaining to Bands.

  1. Each country has a different criteria with reference to the band. For example - To be able to apply for skilled visa 190 for Australia, you should score a band of 7 or above in each section of IELTS. While for Canada immigration, you need to score 7 and above in all sections except Listening Section in which you will need to score at least 7.5
  2. Requirements of Band scores is also based upon the kind of course you will be attending or occupation you will be working abroad. Teaching occupation usually require higher band scores.
  3. IELTS scores requirements are also dependant upon the colleges as well.

You should always aim to get the highest band in each section as it will help you rank higher to other applicants and you will also get a Visa without much hassles.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Writing section in IELTS General Test

General Writing Section Pattern.

In general writing section, you are given 2 tasks.
1. Writing a letter.
2. Writing an essay or article on an abstract topic or argument.

Letter Writing.
In this section, you have to write a letter based on certain situation. Letter should be at least 150 words long (Approximately 15-20 lines) and you are given 20 minutes time to complete it.

Some of the topics for letter writing are given below.

  1. You met an accident and so you will not be able to attend office for a week. Write a letter to manager stating how accident occurred, how long it will take to recuperate and How you will manage work load after you join the work.
  2. You are going on a trip. You will be off for 2 weeks. Write a letter to neighbour requesting him to take care of your house.
  3. Your best friend has invited you for his birthday party. But due to certain unavoidable circumstances, you are not able to make it to the party. Write a letter to your friend explaining him your situation.
  4. You are staying away from your home for education. Write a letter to your parents and tell about how your study is going on and also mention how you miss them.
  5. Your friend has got a high paying job. Write a letter to him congratulating him about the achievement. 

You may find below clauses useful while writing the letters.

  1. I am writing to ask.
  2. One thing I am worried about is cost.
  3. I have also heard that
  4. I am afraid it would feel very hot.
  5. Another thing I wonder about is recreational activities.
  6. Other important thing is housing. What neighbourhood would you recommend.
  7. I appreciate your taking time to answer my questions
  8. I look forward to hearing from you.
  9. I believe that
  10. Of course, we could do that.
  11. Everyone has different situation and attitude. Each individual is a different person. So one must evaluate his or her individual situation when deciding whether doing something is good or bad. 
  12. Generally, I feel that
  13. I think It would fair enough to
  14. I have enjoyed living next door to you.
  15. I have enjoyed getting to know you as a neighbour.
  16. I would like to get small issue to your attention.
  17. I wonder if you would not mind listening to music at lower volume.
  18. That way I could sleep better.
  19. Please come over to my place any time.
  20. As with everything, there are plus (pros) and minus (cons) to laptops.
  21. Thank you very much for letting me to..
  22. I hope you will not mind doing me a favour.
  23. I am terribly sorry about misbehaviour.
  24. I hope this solution is satisfactory to you.
  25. I am writing to thank you for your kind hospitality during my recent visit to your home.
  26. It was a very kind of you to help me out.
  27. Children should be encouraged to do whatever they like to do.
  28. That is a good fit for me.
  29. I would also appreciate some help with my clothing.
  30. I hope to hear from you soon.
  31. I would like to ask you a big favour.
  32. Will you water the garden.

Now let us see some sample letters.

Letter on activities and updating someone.
You are asked to complete few household tasks by your father. But you could not complete some of the tasks due to some issues. Write a letter to your father explaining him which tasks you finished and which could not be completed along with explanations. Here we go.

Dear Father,
Thank you for trusting me and believing in my abilities to finish some of the tasks. You asked me to clean the house, get the TV repaired and put the water to plants in garden. It was a pleasure for me to do these tasks.
 I have cleaned the house and garbage has been also dumped into the dust bin outside the house. I have washed and cleaned floor as well as walls. I hope you will like my work. I also called up TV repair man and got it done. It cost me $20 to repair the TV. Some of the TV components were damaged so I got new ones installed in the Kit. It took repair man long time to find the exact issue. So I could not do other tasks during this time as I was assisting him with whatever help he required.
I apologise that I could not water the plants as TV repairing task took a lot of time than expected. I hope you will not mind if I finish this task when I come back from my tuitions.

Letter of appreciation and kudos and congratulations.

Dear KK,
I am writing to congratulate you for winning the speech contest. This would not have been possible without self-determination and dedicated efforts. You have won the competition after going through several rounds fighting out the contestants from various well known colleges. I am really proud of you. It is really an amazing and outstanding performance. I am very happy that I have got such talented and brilliant friend.
At the same time, I would like to caution you about the side effects of big success. Do not get over confident and stay away from biggest enemy – Ego. You just continue to be down to the earth and humble. That’s what makes you stand apart. So Please keep it on. You have much more capacity to scale new heights. So just stick to your dream.
Again I would like to offer kudos and praise you for this amazing feat. I look forward to hearing from you.

Letter of apology.

Dear KK,
Congratulations for getting married. Wish you all luck for your married life. I am terribly sorry for not making to your wedding function.
I have had a plan to attend your wedding but unfortunately I had to change my plans at the last moment as My father was admitted to the hospital on that day and no one was available to take care of him. I hope you understand my situation and helplessness. But I will definitely see you at the reception.
Anyways wish you happy married life. Please apologize for my absence at your wedding.

Letter of encouragement.

Dear Sunil,
I heard that you failed in the exam. I understand that you must be going through tough time. I was also very sad to hear about it.
But do not lose your heart. Ups and Downs are part of the life. Face the challenges with more energy and zest. Failure in one exam is not the end of road. Scientists make several futile attempts before any inventions. You should restart the preparation for the exam with double vigour without worrying too much about recent failure.
If you have free time, would you mind coming over to my house? I would help you to come out of this bad patch. Looking forward to hearing from you.

Essay Writing.
In this section, you have to write an essay based on certain topic. Essay should be at least 250 words (Approximately 25-30 lines) long. You need to write an essay expressing your thoughts in coherent manner. At last, you need to conclude your opinion in summary. You are given one topic or argument.
Topics are usually abstract ideas so you do not need to be the expert in that topic. You will not be asked to write on renowned persons, historical events or any specific international issue like Iraq war, ISIS etc.
Some of the sample topics for Essays are given below.


  1. Environmental perils like Global Warming, Garbage issues, Pollution, Drought 
  2. Social menace like Corruption, Adulteration, Traffic Issues, Drugs, Child Abuse, Eve teasing, Ragging, Superstition, Illiteracy, Poverty, Unemployment, Robbery, Dowry, Killing of female foetus, Violence against woman.   
  3. Science (Boon, blessing or bane, curse) – computers, human cloning, nuclear weapons
  4. Human rights – strikes, speech of freedom, Education  
  5. Mercy Killing
  6. Brain Drain
  7. Women outperform men at office?
  8. Opinion polls be banned?
  9. Capital Punishment
  10. Death for rapist?
  11. Too many holidays for employees – good or bad?
  12. Sex education to school children – moral or immoral?
  13. Discrimination based on caste, colour, sex, religion – How to uproot?
  14. Communal-ism – Threat to Unity of Nation
  15. Reservation – useful or useless?
  16. Terrorism
  17. How to stay away from Doctor – fitness mantra (Exercise, Yoga, Avoid smoking)
  18. Violence and vulgarity in TV shows and films.
  19. Good costume, clothing, outfit and attire – symbol and reflection of personality?
  20. Person who tolerates the harassment is the bigger culprit?


Writing an essay is an art. For any given topic, you need to divide it into multiple sub topics by asking questions like what, why, when, how etc. Essay should start with introduction of topic, then discussion on subtopic with examples and finally end with the summary in nutshell.

Essay on crime and culprits 
Let us now write a sample essay on the topic – "Person who tolerates the harassment is the bigger culprit?"
Let us organise our essay in below parts.
1. Introduction.
2. Places where you could be harassed and How harassment impacts you?
3. why you should not tolerate any kind of harassment? What will happen if you do not raise your voice?
4. Explain with any example.
5. How to raise your voice against tormentor? How to fight back.
6. Summary.
Once you have divided main topic into sub topics, you will find it very easy to write one paragraph on each sub topic.
Person who tolerates the harassment is the bigger culprit?
People from every walk of life may become a victim of harassment or misbehaviour or inhuman act, disorderly conduct. Harassment could be in any of the below form.
1. Teasing someone at public places.
2. Treating someone with rudeness at offices or work site.
3. Indulging in unruly or undisciplined activities at public places.
4. Annoying someone leading to mental or physical harm at offices.
5. Making someone feel ashamed or embarrassed by forcing them to do immoral acts or by insulting them.
6. Subjecting someone to ragging in colleges.
7. Subjecting someone, especially daughter-in-law, to mental harassment at home.
8. Beating, thrashing, flogging, lashing innocent person for no fault of theirs.
9. Demanding dowry
10. Extorting money from someone
11. taunting remarks from the in-laws
Harassment has become a nuisance, menace and threat to many innocent people.  It is causing the shock and fear in minds of people who are subjected to heinous and inhuman acts. With many people becoming victim to some sort of harassment, time has now come to take a strict action against miscreants and anti-social elements. This menace has made victims suffer from mental problems, health problems. Some of the victims have also committed suicide and many have attempted to end their lives. Many women have become the victim of in-laws mental and physical harassment.
Despite of many laws related to ragging, domestic violence and mental harassment at offices , no one can claim that harassment has been eradicated completely from the society. As per the anti harassment laws, those found guilty of harassment at any place will not be spared. People involved in ragging may be dismissed from college if found guilty. Similarly any offenders may be put behind bars for their inhuman acts immediately.
The point which needs to be highlighted here is that why people are resorting to such misdeeds. Not just poor people but those from decent families have also been found guilty of harassment. The reason behind this is that our society is lacking moral and ethical values. Bookish knowledge of some mathematical formulae is useless. We should inculcate students about the importance of love, affection in their life. All parents and teachers should take the responsibility of teaching students  about the necessity of good human being.
We should teach them to know the importance of below lines.
If money is lost, nothing is lost.
If health is lost, something is lost.
If character is lost, everything is lost.
Social awakening is required to kill the evil of harassment like ragging and dowry. Some solutions are not easy in this materialistic world where the lust for money can not be reduced. More stringent laws, more awareness, more education to women, more social initiatives and drives are required to curb the cases of harassment.
Some victims do not raise their voice against violence subjected to them. Without complaining against harassment, how are the victims going to get justice? I strongly believe that victims should not suffer from the pain silently. Unless criminal acts are brought to the attention of police officers, such crimes will keep on rising. It is said that stitch in time saves nine. So reaction in time is very important to prevent further devastation. If anyone is suffering from mental or physical harassment, the matter should be immediately reported to your loved ones and law  enforcing authorities.

Essay on Environmental Issues.
Let us now write another sample essay on the topic – "The earth is on the verge of collapse due to environmental issues like pollution, global warming, droughts, floods, earthquakes, deforestation, improper management of garbage"
Let us organise our essay in below parts.
1. Introduction.
2. What is killing the environment?
3. How are we killing the environment
4. Explain with any example.
5. How to save the earth and environment.
6. Summary.
Once you have divided main topic into sub topics, you will find it very easy to write one paragraph on each sub topic.
The earth is on the verge of collapse?
God created beautiful planet thousands of years ago. At that time, GOD would not have thought that humans will ruin the EARTH completely. Currently the Earth is on the brink of collapse due to many issues originally caused by human beings.
Greedy humans disregarded the importance of forests, rivers, trees and clean air. Reckless exploitation of natural resources is causing serious impact on the purity of environment. Unplanned industrialisation has affected the environment to the great extent. For the self development, humans destroyed forests. The use of automobiles is growing day by day leading to increase in the level of air pollution. New factories are being set up without proper sewage treatment plants. Hazardous chemicals are being released into the rivers endangering the flora and fauna of rivers and in turn oceans. Cities are producing enormous amount of garbage every day but there is no plan about the correct processing of the waste material. In developing countries like India, garbage is dumped in open ground on the outskirts of cities making the lives of people living in nearby area miserable and prone to health problems. Open dumping of garbage can be very dangerous as it may lead to the epidemic diseases like dengue, malaria etc.  Due to the rapid growth of industrialization, harmful green gases are released into atmosphere leading to rise in the Earth temperature. This is resulting in the melting of ice bergs in the arctic ocean and rise in the sea water level. According to research reports, in few years time cities situated near coastal areas around the world will have to be shifted to somewhere else due to rising water level. In the quest for better living and earning big profits, corrupt officials are allowing the property developers to build illegal residential projects by cutting down the forests and mountains. As more and more people are attracted to already crumbling cities, demand for basic necessities is also ramping up. Everyone wants clean water to drink, enough quality food, a home to live, clothes to wear, 24x7 electricity, better public transportation and clean environment. But rising population is putting more pressure on the cities causing the existing problems to worsen. It is difficult to find the clean rivers flowing through cities. The contaminated water is killing species living under water. The sight of people hanging on the buses and travelling due to over-crowded buses is very common.
Earthquakes, droughts and floods are also very common now a days. Due to heavy deforestation and removal of hills and mountains, enough rain does not come. When it rains very heavily, city administration finds it very difficult to cope up with such natural  disasters. In 2006, Mumbai was completely submerged under water. There was complete shutdown of electricity, public and private transportation due to floods. Local trains were also halted leading to stranding crowds at the stations. Many people lost their lives in that disaster. On the other hand, droughts has been the main reason behind suicide cases in Marathwada region in India. People do not get enough water to drink during droughts. Animals and cattle do not get enough grass  to eat leading to starvation and finally death. Global warming is also triggering major changes in the Earth's interior region. The earthquakes can cause heavy havoc as We can not predict them. Every year thousands of people die in earthquakes. Those who survive any of these natural calamities find it very difficult to start a new life due to psychological  and financial damage. The relief fund announced by the government for victims does not reach them due to corrupt politicians. Any kind of pollution can have far reaching effects on the lives of humans, wild life and other inhabitants on the Earth.
It is high time that all human beings come together to fight out these environmental problems now before situation goes out of control. We can control the damage that we are causing to the Nature and Earth by taking below steps.

  1. Keep your house and surroundings clean and tidy. Separate the dry and wet waste so that garbage processing will become simple.
  2. Participate in cleanliness drives.
  3. Be a part of tree Plantation drive.
  4. Avoid use of private cars which may reduce the pollution and save fuel as well. 
  5. Do not buy auto-mobiles unless it is really useful.
  6. Raise your voice against illegal construction or any other such activities which may jeopardise the environment.
  7. Use water carefully and economically. Do not waste the water.
  8. Do not waste the food. Feed animals if you can not finish the food.
  9. Floods can be controlled with proper planning and drainage systems.
  10. Irrigation projects should be implemented effectively so that water could be diverted to the areas facing droughts.
  11. We should use renewable energy sources like wind power, ocean waves and sunlight wherever we can.    

If all people from around the world unite and follow above points, we can give better environment to the next generation.


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Reading section in IELTS General Test

General Reading Section Pattern
There are 3 sections and over all 40 questions are to be answered in 60 minutes of time.

General Reading Tips
Below tips might help you in getting good score in Reading section.

General Reading Example
Now let us have a look at the example on reading section below. There are 3 sub sections.


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

How to register for IELTS Test

You can register for the IELTS Test on http://www.ielts.org
Please note that There may be different sites specific to each country but I will recommend that you navigate from above site to avoid getting duped on other fake sites.

Registration process is usually online. You must have a valid passport at the time of registration.
I had registered on https://www.ieltsidpindia.com and paid the fee online.
This site provides registration for IELTS test across India and is managed by IDP - one of the entity backing ILETS Test.

After registration, you will get an email stating the exam venue and timing details. Speaking section test is usually scheduled a week after or before main test with 3 sections. Candidates also receive the study material on the correspondence address sent by Test Organisers.

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

General IELTS Exam Pattern

IELTS test has 4 sections.
  1. Reading (General Specific)
  2. Writing (General Specific)
  3. Listening  (same Pattern for Academic and General)
  4. Speaking (same Pattern for Academic and General)

How to register?
You can find the test centre on http://www.ielts.org

Exam Fees
Exam fee varies as per the country. In India fee for general test is around $200.


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Why to take IELTS Test

IELTS stands for International English Language Test Standard. You must take this test to prove your proficiency in English language either to secure admission in foreign universities in the USA, the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand or to apply for a work visa in those countries.

There are 2 types of IELTS tests.

  1. Academic – For students willing to study abroad.
  2. General – For skilled professionals willing to work and live abroad.

So if you are student aspiring to study in any English Speaking developed country, you should take up Academic Test. While Job seekers aspiring to settle in those countries should opt for General Test.

Good score in IELTS test implies that you have a good command in English. All developed countries have designed their Immigration processes with significant importance to IELTS. Band Score of 7 and above helps you rank higher than other applicants. So you stand a better chance to get a visa easily.  

What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Sunday 25 January 2015

Group discussions in English

Group discussions are now integral part of any important interview process. Admissions to many prominent colleges bank on group discussions to select the brightest people who can put forward their ideas and thoughts in coherent and easy manner.

In this article, we will have a look at important tips to get a success in any debate.

  1. You should dress well and look confident.
  2. Do not try to be very touchy with other participants.
  3. List down the points that you want to highlight.
  4. Do not try to incline to particular ideology. Think from all angles and aspects.
  5. Do not mumble. Speak up clearly and concisely. 


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Writing letters in English

Many English exams across the world have one section that involves writing a letter. In this articles, we will have a look at how to write the letters easily.

Some of the topics for letter writing are given below.
  1. You met an accident and so you will not be able to attend office for a week. Write a letter to manager stating how accident occurred, how long it will take to recuperate and How you will manage work load after you join the work.
  2. You are going on a trip. You will be off for 2 weeks. Write a letter to neighbor requesting him to take care of your house.
  3. Your best friend has invited you for his birthday party. But due to certain unavoidable circumstances, you are not able to make it to the party. Write a letter to your friend explaining him your situation.
  4. You are staying away from your home for education. Write a letter to your parents and tell about how your study is going on and also mention how you miss them.
  5. Your friend has got a high paying job. Write a letter to him congratulating him about the achievement.


Broadly, you can group the types of essays in below categories.

  1. Letter of complaints
  2. Letter of congratulations
  3. Letter of condolences
  4. Letter of apology
  5. Letter of advice
  6. Letter of encouragement 


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Writing Essays in English

Essay writing is an art. Many students and other people find it very hard to write an essay on given topic. But with proper tricks, anyone can write excellent essays very easily.

Why essays are important ?
  1. All students studying in secondary school (Standard 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 ) and colleges are required to write an essay as a part of their curriculum.
  2. Students seeking admission into colleges in English speaking countries are also required to face essays in Exams like TOEFL, GRE, IELTS etc.
How essays are important tool to assess the capability of students'?
  1. Essays present an opportunity to the students to show their talent pertaining to the coherent and analytic thinking.
  2. Essays can reflect the thought process and caliber of the exam takers.
For any given topic, you need to divide it into multiple sub topics by asking questions like what, why, when, how etc. Essay should start with introduction of topic, then discussion on subtopic with examples and finally end with the summary in nutshell.In this articles, we are going to learn how to write impressive essays.

Here is the list of essays you may like to have a glimpse at.
  1. Environmental perils like Global Warming, Garbage issues, Pollution, Drought 
  2. Social menaces like Corruption, Adulteration, Traffic Issues, Drugs, Child Abuse, Eve teasing, Ragging, Superstition, Illiteracy, Poverty, Unemployment, Robbery, Dowry, Killing of female fetus, Violence against woman.   
  3. Science (Boon, blessing or bane, curse) – computers, human cloning, nuclear weapons
  4. Human rights – strikes, speech of freedom, Education  
  5. Brain Drain
  6. Women outperform men at office?
  7. Opinion polls should be banned?
  8. Capital Punishment
  9. Death for rapist?
  10. Too many holidays for employees – good or bad?
  11. Sex education to school children – moral or immoral?
  12. Discrimination based on caste, colour, sex, religion – How to uproot?
  13. Communal Riots – Threat to Unity of Nation
  14. Reservation – useful or useless?
  15. Terrorism
  16. How to stay away from Doctor – fitness mantra (Exercise, Yoga, Avoid smoking)
  17. Violence and vulgarity in TV shows and films.
  18. Good clothing, outfit and attire – symbol and reflection of personality?
  19. Person who tolerates the harassment is the bigger culprit?
  20. A memorable trip
  21. Family
  22. Friends
  23. An Accident
  24. Wedding Party
  25. Hobbies
  26. Work
  27. Neighbors
What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Sunday 4 January 2015

Quantifiers in English Grammar

Below quantifiers can be used in English.
  1. all
  2. most
  3. some
  4. any
  5. none
  6. much
  7. many
Please note that much and little are used with uncountable nouns while many and few are used with countable nouns.

Examples are given below.
  1. All students participated in dancing competition.
  2. Most of the students played sports.
  3. Some students pass the exam.
  4. None of the students went on a trip.
  5. I do not want any of these mobiles.
  6. I have got much milk.
  7. I have many pens.
  8. I have little milk.
  9. I have got few pens.
  10. I have a lot of milk and pens.
  11. How much water do you need?
  12. How much money do you want?
  13. How many books did you read?
  14. I need little water.
  15. I need few books.
What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

Thursday 1 January 2015

Software Technologies Tutorials

I have compiled the list of software technologies as mentioned below. You can take a free tutorials on any course.

  1. High Level Languages - C, C++, Java(Rest, SOAP, EJB, Hibernate), Go, VB.net, C#.Net(Linq, WCF, WPF)
  2. Scripting Languages - VBScript, Javascript, Perl, Python, Lua, Jython, Shell scripting, WSH, WMI, WSF, Ruby.
  3. Mobile App Development - Android(sqlite), iOS, Windows Mobile, Phonegap, Objective-C
  4. Desktop OS - Windows (7/8/10), Linux, Debian, Ubuntu
  5. Mobile OS - Android, Windows, iOS, Symbian
  6. Web (Client) - HTML, Javascript, CSS, Canvas, SVG, Bootstrap, WebGL, XML
  7. Web (Server) - PHP, CGI, ASP.Net, JSP and Servlets
  8. Javascript Frameworks - angular.js, Backbone.js, Ember.js, Polymer JS, React.js, Enyo, Ninja, Coffescript, jquery, ajax, JSON, Django.
  9. Web Servers - Tomcat, IIS, JBOSS, Sharepoint, Node.js
  10. DBMS - Oracle, Mysql, SQL Server, Postgres, Sybase, IBM Cognos
  11. Big Data - Hadoop, Hbase, Pig, Tableau, Cloud Computing, DB2, Mapreduce, Mahout, D, R, MongoDB, Google App and Computing Engine, AWS, Spark, NOSQL, HIVE, Cassandra, YARN, Erlang, Elixir, Openrefine, Pentaho
  12. Web Application Frameworks - ASP.Net, Struts, CodeIgnitor, Django, Groovy, grails, Griffon, JSF, GWT, Ruby on Rails.
  13. Software Testing Tools - QC, QTP, Selenium, TestComplete, Jira, Bugzilla.
  14. Testing Frameworks - Junit, TestNG, Keyword Frameworks, Cucumber, JBehave.
  15. Messaging Frameworks - Mule, Kafka, ActiveMQ, Camel, RabbitMQ.
  16. Build Management tools - Gradle, Maven, Make, ant, Jenkins, GIT.
  17. Microsoft - Excel, Word, Outlook, Windows Server, Powerpoint, Access.
  18. Command Line tools - Windows Powershell, WSH.
  19. Content Management tools - Blogger, Wordpress, Joomla, Tumblr.
  20. Social Networking - LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram.
  21. Miscellaneous - Instant Chef, Assembly Language, clojure, Delphi, Scala, ABAP, Matlab, Autocad, Photoshop, CorelDraw, Flex, Adobe CSS.


What do you think on this topic? Please express your opinion or ask any question through comment below. You can write to me at reply2sagar@gmail.com

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